Abstract: Abundant nonferrous metallic, precious metallic, rare earth metallic and nonmetallic mineral resources are hosted in the Early Cambrian black rock series in south China. Among them, the vanadium deposits located on the southeast margin of Yangtze platform are with great potential. The vanadium deposits in Hunan Province occur in the organic-rich carbonaceous, siliceous, phosphate black rock series at the bottom of Lower Cambrian. The ore bodies are broadly distributed in simple layers, with stable occurrence, shallow depth and huge reserves. The metallogenesis started with hydrothermal deposition epoch and ended with normal sedimentation epoch, which alternatively perform as the peak epochs for the mineralization of vanadium. The deposit is characterized by both hydrothermal deposition and microbiologic metallogenesis, genetically belonging to bio-geochemical deposition.