重金属污染评价及方法对比——以福建浅海沉积物为例

ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METAL POLLUTION AND METHOD COMPARISON: A case study of the shallow-sea sediments in Fujian

摘要: 应用地质累积指数法、内梅罗综合污染指数法及生态危害指数法，对福建浅海沉积物461个底泥样品中7种重金属（Hg、Pb、Cr、Zn、Cu、Cd、As）进行了污染评价对比.结果表明：①各主要海湾浅海沉积物中超标重金属为Cr、Cu（Cr占24.1%，Cu占15.0%），其次为Pb、Zn（Pb占6.3%，Zn占5.0%）；②九龙江口潜在生态危害最大，Cd潜在生态风险最高，地质累积指数超标的Cr、Cu、Pb、Zn潜在生态风险并不大；③三种评价方法各有侧重点和优缺点，各具合理性和局限性，若能结合应用，可较为合理地对重金属污染状况进行系统评价.

Abstract: The index of Geoaccumulation (I_geo), Nemero index of pollution and the potential ecological risk index (RI) are adopted to assess the pollution of seven heavy metals (Hg, Pb, Cr, Zn, Cu, Cd and As) for 461 samples from the shallow-sea sediments along Fujian coast. The methods are compared. The result shows that the overproof heavy metals are dominated by Cr (24.1%) and Cu (15.0%), followed by Pb (6.3%) and Zn (5.0%). The greatest potential ecological risk occurs at Jiulongjiang estuary, where Cd is in highest potential ecological risk, but with less potential ecological risk of Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn. Each of the three assessment methods has its speciality. The combined application will reasonably and systematically assess the heavy metal pollution.