Abstract: The Lower Cambrian black rock series are broadly distributed in Xincheng area, Guizhou Province, with rich mineral resources, especially vanadium. The vanadium deposits occur in the black carbonaceous clayrock of Lower Cambrian Niutitang formation. The average grade of V₂O₅ is 0.64%. The vanadium ore is mainly psammatic type. Study on the diagenesis and metallogenesis shows that the Xincheng vanadium deposit is genetically formed by marine chemical or biochemical sedimentation, with also eluviation origin. The mineralization is strictly controlled by strata, lithology and rock facies.