Abstract: The Songnen Plain coincides with the most developed economic areas in Heilongjiang Province. With rapid growth of economy, the exploitation of groundwater in the area is increasing. Correspondingly, there occur problems in the exploitation and utilization of groundwater resources, such as the regional continuous descent of groundwater table, ground subsidence, serious pollution of groundwater, unreasonable utilization of water, waste of groundwater resources, and security problem of drinking water in the countryside. The amount of groundwater resources is reduced continuously. The increase of imbalance between supply and demand has restricted the socio-economic development. Therefore, we must take appropriate countermeasures to develop and use groundwater resources reasonably, so as to lay a substantial basis for the sustainable socio-economic development.