Abstract: Based on the data of organic carbon and total carbon in both surface and deep soil by the multi-purpose geochemical survey in Liaohe Basin, the carbon reserves in the soil of Liaohe Basin are calculated. The distribution of carbon density is analyzed. According to the calculation, in the area of 52.3 km², the carbon reserves in deep level are 860.50 Tg; those in the middle level, 538.30 Tg; while in the surface, 138.76 Tg. The soil carbon density in deep level is 16.45 Gg/km²; that in middle level, 10.28 Gg/km²; while that in the surface, 2.65 Gg/km². The soil carbon reserves in different soil types, geological units, ecosystems and land-use types are also calculated respectively. The result will provide a scientific basis for the research on soil carbon circulation and the assessment of environmental effect.