Abstract: The Tianchuan vanadium deposit in Xichuan County of Henan Province, located in the south limb of JingziguanShigang synclinorium, is strictly controlled by the black rock series at the bottom of Lower Cambrian Shuigoukou Formation in southern branch of Eastern Qinling orogenic belt. The ore types involve siliceous rock, mudstone and siliceous rock mixed with thin-layer mudstone. The deposit genesis is the coupling of deep sea-neritic facies sedimentary carbonate bedded deposition and submarine hydrothermal solution.