Abstract: Shale gas is a kind of energy resources relatively clean and efficient. The shale gas revolution in the United States can be regarded as the most influential energy revolution of this century, which helped them achieved the aspirational "energy independence". By the American experience, the shale gas revolution is the results of emancipated mind and open market. It is the successful practice of the completely competitive market model theory applied in the shale gas industry. The technically recoverable shale gas reserves in China are the largest in the world. However, due to the restriction of management system and other reasons on shale gas exploitation, the exploration breakthroughs in China are only in individual blocks at present. There is still a long way to large-scale commercial exploitation of shale gas. With a deep analysis on the management system of the shale gas resources, this paper summarizes and discusses the disadvantages of traditional oil and gas management system, as well as the inspiration of shale gas development in the United States. Applying western classical economics theory of perfect competition model, suggestions are proposed for the reformation of shale gas resources management system and related policies.