Abstract: Due to the influence of natural factors and human predatory development and utilization, the black soil fertility is continuously declining, which poses a major threat to national food security. The evaluation index of black soil fertility quality has become a research focus in pedology. Traditional researches involve numbers of chemical and physical indicators, while the soil bio-indicator has gradually become an important parameter of soil fertility quality evaluation for its high sensitivity with the rapid development of biological detection technology in recent years, but there is no unified standard yet. Therefore, the paper summarizes the research progress of bio-indicators for soil fertility quality evaluation such as soil microorganism, enzyme activity and animal to provide new research idea and method.