Abstract: Volcano mud is a rare kind of mineral resources formed in harsh conditions over hundreds of years, yet there is no method to judge and evaluate its quality currently. The factor analysis method and minimum data set theory are used to construct the quality evaluation method of volcanic mud, and to comprehensively evaluate the quality of volcanic mud in Wudalianchi Scenic Spot. The results show that the minimum data set for volcanic mud quality evaluation includes V, Al, water content and clay particle, and the Wudalianchi volcano mud can be divided into four quality grades, among which grade I has the largest reserves, accounting for half of the total reserves approximately. The quality of volcano mud around the modern volcano is the best, and the quality around the western volcanoes is better than that around the eastern.