Abstract: The goal of carbon neutrality and carbon peak requires major system changes in energy supply. As a clean low-carbon and stable non-carbon-based energy, geothermal energy can provide guarantee for the realization. The paper briefly introduces the occurrence conditions of geothermal resources in China, and summarizes the exploitation and utilization technology and development of shallow-middle deep geothermal energy and hydro-geothermal resources respectively in terms of direct utilization and geothermal power generation, focusing on the widely concerned new technology and direction such as geothermal refrigeration, gravity heat pipe and geothermal-solar power combined power generation and looking forward to the development and research direction to provide reference for related engineers and researchers.