Abstract: Mongolia is an important node country along the Belt and Road, with mining as the pillar industry of national economy. It is rich in mineral resources including copper, coal, gold, uranium, fluorite and rare earth, but the geological work and mining development is in low level, thus there is great market potential. Based on the study of regional geology, geological work degree and current situation of major mineral resources in Mongolia, the paper analyzes the mining investment environment in terms of politics, economy, legislations and infrastructure, sorts out the advantages and disadvantages and puts forward relevant investment suggestions.