Abstract: Forest lightning fire, which is ignited by lightning, brings great loss to human beings and ecological environment. The study summarizes the research progress in China and abroad in terms of the spatiotemporal rules of occurrence, ignition mechanism, influencing factors and prediction of lightning fire in Daxinganling forest area. Based on the geological background analysis of areas with frequent lightning strikes, it is concluded that geological factors have significant effects on cloud-ground lightning, and geological multi-factors are important conditions for the occurrence of lightning fire. At the end, the paper discusses the research trend in the future.