Abstract: Affected by geographic, geologic and morphologic factors, the banks of Heilongjiang and Wusulijiang Rivers have been suffering erosions from river water. Serious bank caving occurs along the rivers, and a large area of land was washed away. The reasons for the environmental hazards involve river and rainstorm erosions, freezing and melting, as well as human activities. This paper discusses the current situation, types, origins and developing trends of the bank caving, and then puts forwards countermeasures to prevent the geologic hazard by protecting natural vegetation, construction to conserve the banks and restoring grass and forests.