Abstract: Based on the test of surface sediment samples from northern Liaodong Bay, the paper discusses the distribution characteristics of Pb in shallow water and its environmental ecological effects. The results show that Pb in the neritic sediments is 13.9×10^-6-344×10^-6 (averagely 28.4×10^-6), mainly existing in residual form, Fe-Mn oxidation form and carbonate bounded form. High in the west and low in the east in terms of distribution, the anomaly is obvious and concentrated in the southwest of Jinzhou Bay. The anomaly sources are mainly composed of pollution discharge from zinc plant and sewage and soot emissions from other industries. The environmental quality of the anomaly area belongs to Class Ⅲ and Ⅲ+ sediments, covering an area about 12 km², accounting for 0.36% of the total study area. By comparison with the sediment quality baseline values (ERL/ERM and TEL/PEL) derived by the biological effect database method, the potential biological toxicity of Pb in three samples from Jinzhou Bay is relatively high, and adverse biological effects may occur frequently.