Abstract: Of the seven large water systems in China (Liaohe River,Haihe River,Huaihe River,Yellow River,Songhuajiang River,Zhujiang River and Yangtze River),more than 50% of the transects are in a water quality of Grade V or below.Among the investigated lakes,85% are in serious or medium eutrophication.The pollution of rivers and lakes in China is in a severe situation. The technologies and measures on pollution prevention and treatment for rivers and lakes include control of pollution sources,improvement of municipal sewage system,establishment of wastewater treating plant,dredging up the sludge of rivers and lakes,aeration technology in riverways,bioremediation technology,recovery engineering of aquicolous plant,dilution of polluted water with clean water and so on.The biologic and ecologic technologies will play important roles in prevention and treatment of river and lake pollution and ecologic recovery.