Abstract: Based on the agro-ecological and geological investigation in the south of Anshan, Liaoning Province, this study involves the distribution of main elements in soil, evaluation of agro-ecological and geological background, planting suitability of land and environmental security of soil, as well as the treatment measures of soil.The significance and content for the agro-ecological and geological investigation in the province are discussed.In addition, the special investigation on Nanguo pear (famous local fruit) showed that the unique quality is controlled by such elements as Fe, Mn, Mg, K and Co in soil.The soil weathered from meta-gabbro or the mixture of schist and granite is the best for growth of Nanguo pear.