古利库金(银)矿床地质特征和成因

    GEOLOGY AND GENESIS OF GULIKU GOLD (-SILVER) DEPOSIT

    • 摘要: 古利库金(银)矿床为冰长石-绢云母型,产出与燕山中期"减压-剪切"环境下中心式火山喷发活动有关;矿床(体)受火山穹隆和爆破角砾岩筒及北西向、北东向断裂构造控制;容矿岩石为早白垩世龙江组、光华组安山岩、英安岩和新元古界-下寒武统落马湖群糜棱岩化的长英质片岩、片麻岩;矿床划分出矿化早期、主期和晚期3个矿化期,6个成矿阶段,3类组分矿体(Au型、Au-Ag型和Ag型)和脉状、网脉状两种形态矿体;围岩蚀变主要有硅化、冰长石化、绢云母化、白云石化、黄铁矿化等,硅化和冰长石化与矿化关系最密切;成矿温度185~255℃;成矿压力13.5 MPa (平均);成矿溶液盐度0.564% NaCl (平均);成矿深度500~600m.文中对成矿作用、矿床成因和成矿模式亦进行了探索和阐述.

       

      Abstract: Guliku gold(-silver) deposit,located at the connection of Mesozoic Dayangshu volcanic fault basin and Neoproterozoic Early Cambrian Luomahu intermediate uplift on the east margin of Daxinganling volcanic belt,is of a adular-sericite type.The deposit is genetically related to the eruption of central type in depressurization shearing environment during middle Yanshanian period.The ore bodies are controlled by volcanic domes,explosion-breccia pipes and faults striking northwest and northeast.The wallrocks are Cretaceous andesite,dacite and rhyolitic breccia lava,and Neoproterozoic-lower Cambrian mylonitized felsic schist and gneiss.The mineralization is in three periods,including six stages,i.e.,disseminated pyrite-chalcedonized quartz stage,early adular-quartz stage,foliated dolomite-quartz stage,late adular-quartz stage,sulfide-oolitic quartz stage and comby-stockwork quartz stage.The ore bodies occuring as quartz veins or stockworks can be classified into Au-type,Au-Ag type and Ag-type.The mineral assemblage is dominated by pyrite,chalcopyrite,galena,argentite,tetrahedrite,stephanite,electrum,molybdenite,quartz,chalcedony,ankerite,calcite,adular,sericite and pyrophyllite.The texture of ore is mainly brecciform,banded,comby or disseminated-network.The wallrock alterations are presented as silicification,adularization,sericitization,dolomitization,pyritization,kaolinization and propylitization,of which silicification and adularization are the most closely related to Au(-Ag) mineralization.In the ore-forming fluid,cations are mainly K+ and Na+,with less Mg2+ and Ca2+;anions are dominantly SO42- and Cl-,followed by F-.The gas in the ore fluid is composed of majorly H2O and CO2,with minor CO and CH4.The mineralization is achieved in 185~255℃,13 5 MPa,0 564% NaCl and 500~600 meters depth.The pH values of ore bodies in main and late mineralizing stages are respectively 5 47,5 11 and 4 77.The E h value in main mineralizing stage is -0.80~-12.5V,belonging to reduction environment.The S and Pb isotopic study shows that the ore materials of Guliku Au(Ag) deposit are derived from volcanic basement and associated granitoid.The isotopic composition (WD -76‰~-94‰, W18O -6.58‰~-14.11‰)suggests that the mineralizing solution is from mainly meteoric water.Based on the metallogenetic study,a mineralization model for Guliku Au(-Ag) deposit is proposed,i.e.,an adular-sericite type of epithermal gold (-silver) deposit with horizontally zoned Au-Ag ore bodies occuring in the limb of a paleo-volcanic dome on the margin of a Mesozoic continental volcanic basin.

       

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